Jeremy,
Yes, I think we should teach moral philosophy in schools. It's certainly been accepted to screen paedophiles from childcare jobs, and with a bit of experience in interviews and an indirect questioning technique I might claim an above average rate of screening out bluffers & chancers. Hard to start a debate about indoctrination and brainwashing, better leave tjat one.
Prof
If I'm making cakes with a hand whisk and you have a mixer then you will make and sell more cakes and get richer. If the farmer invests in a tractor and plough with 6 rows and his neighbour is using a horse drawn plough then the first guy will produce more corn. If Siemens are using automated welding and assembly, and the guys at Derby are working by hand then the final price will be cheaper. I don't see that there's any need to lose jobs, if it's organised right then there's more goods and cheaper goods available. Everyone can have the good things of life, central heating, hot & cold water, car,TV, mobile phone, holidays in tropical parts. The national pool of goodies gets bigger. Economics in a nutshell, make what you need and distibute it using virtual gold coins as a means of exchange.
Root causes, I can only see from my blinkered engineer's point of view. Like any investment automation, robotics and CNC need sound long term investment understanding, many schemes have gone wrong. It needs brains at the top. Theresa Villiers is a lawyer used to the high court, she's in charge of transport policy....no way. Could an expert in transport, railway systems, traffic control, roads & airports may a good prosecutor in a court case. When a decision is made, the first impression may be a cost saving or a good deal for the taxpayer but in fact by helping to drive UK manufacturing to the wall, by affecting the hidden costs of rail & road transport for the haulage industry, and by spending money so that the profits go to a German manufacturer she's doing a lot of harm. The first effect of a decision is foloowed by a secondary and tertiary effect, similar to the point I made somewhere above about coordinating services, water, gas, electricity. It might look like we got the best deal at the time but in the longer term it needs some clever people to look ahead.
British governments/management/industry knew they had to train and automate 50 years ago, they chose finance. Now finance is wobbling they are not so sure. But it will continue as long as people are greedy and want things before they have earned them.
If I can lend you £1000 and get £1250 back after one year so that you have your car a year early, then long term you are the loser. You have paid £1250 for your car. Repeat this for your life and you are living on 80% of your earnings, and I'm having a good life on your interest, but I'm doing nothing, I've no involvment with your car or anything else, in fact if the whole population lived at 80% and I syphoned off the other 20% then I'm doing OK. I might pay a few staff, computer programmers, administation operators, insurance clerks and claim I'm providing employment but it's an illusion, they are all living on you because you are happy with 80% of what you earn (asssuming you are making something or providing a useful service like emptying bins).
Solution, soon, dinner's ready.